儒家倫理哲學的新舊基礎：伊藤仁齋、戴震、丁若鏞

New Old Foundations for Confucian Ethical Philosophy: Itō Jinsai, Dai Zhen, and Jeong Yakyong

本文呈現和比較伊藤仁齋（1627-1705）、戴震（1722-1776）和丁若鏞（1762-1836）等三位儒家學者的倫理思想之核心要素，並且論證，他們對於程朱學派的批評代表了儒家思想的一個獨特類型，該潮流遍及中、韓、日三個主要的東亞文化。進而言之，本文為伊藤、戴、丁等三人辯護，認為他們針對新儒家倫理學之形而上基礎所進行的批判，不僅言之成理，且其內涵之豐富多樣，理應給予當代的儒學研究更多啟發。此外，本文試圖闡述並發揮這三位思想家的當代意義，且特別注意他們有關於「恕」的思想。

This essay presents and compares core elements of the ethical theories of three neo-Confucian thinkers, Itō Jinsai 伊藤仁齋 (1627-1705), Dai Zhen 戴震 (1722-1776), and Jeong Yakyong 丁若鏞 (1762-1836), and argues that their criticisms of the Cheng-Zhu School represent a distinctive type and style of Confucianism, spanning the three major East Asian cultures of China, Korea, and Japan. Moreover, the essay defends their primary criticisms of the neo-Confucian metaphysical foundations for ethics as valid and argues that they should have a much greater influence on contemporary understandings of the Confucian tradition, in all its richness, diversity, and potential. In addition, this essay seeks to describe and establish an initial case for the contemporary relevance of philosophical views advanced by this trio of thinkers, in particular their claims concerning 'sympathetic consideration' (C: shu; J: jo; K: seo 恕).