東アジアの近代的知形における東西融合の類型再考

Review on the Convergent Types of the Modern Knowledges in East Asia

東亞三國文化的形成不僅有傳統的「內文化」間的交流，而且也有東西方「間文化」的融合。近代「知」的形成也與這樣的交流有相同之處。這裡不僅是由對他人的認識和包容開始的，而且也是由文化生理學有差別的同種交配方式和異種交配方式開始的。同時這樣的差異也在於用微觀視角或宏觀的視角來看待包容和融合的現象以及方式，即認識論遠近法的差異也產生於此。總之，無論是東西方間的異種交配還是在宏觀性近代「知」的融合中，東亞三國一方面有相同點，但在另一方面又有不同的特點，這是不爭的事實。這裡東亞的文化和「知」，受到西洋近代文化和「知」的衝擊，在來不及分割的情況下，非自發的形成了一種防禦性融合。由於這種原因，東亞三國在近代形成了「知」，折衷主義便在這樣的背景下，從東亞的道統論思想和西洋現代科學主義中誕生了。通過「權力」和「知」的結合，東亞創造出全新「知」的類型。比如韓國的東道西器，中國的中體西用，和日本的魂洋和魂洋才的「知」都是這樣的形式。

Although the cultures in three nations of East Asia have been traditionally intra-culture, but the integration through cultural exchange between the East and West has been inter-culture. This is also shown in the formation of modern knowledge. It comes from culture-physiological difference between crossing of the same kind and crossing of different kinds in terms of recognition and acceptance of others. Also, it also originates from difference in cognitive perspective between microscopic view and macroscopic view of the phenomenon and method of acceptance and integration. It is a fact that the three countries showed similar yet different types of convergence of knowledge between the East and the West. It was a convergence of non-spontaneous defense in the midst of shock from the modern knowledge and culture of the West. As a result, the formation of modern knowledge in the three countries of East Asia created eclecticism of the orthodox tradition and Western and modern scientism, producing new types of knowledge from power (pouvoir) and knowledge (savoir), such as the paradigm of knowledge including the enlightenment from the West in Korea, China, and Japan.