東亞哲學脈絡中安藤昌益的農業烏托邦思想

Andō Shōeki's Agrarian Utopianism: An East Asian Philosophical Contextualization

本文尋求詮釋安藤昌益（1703-1762）經常令人感覺難以理解的思想與較日本傳統更為寬廣的詮釋領域之間的關係。簡言之，本文試圖將安藤昌益的思想置於東亞哲學的脈絡中。本文提出三本對瞭解安藤昌益思想的理論基礎格外適切的中國哲學經典著作。這些著作也揭示安藤昌益的思想何以能於其所在時期及其後，多少發揮一些文化傳播的作用。這三本著作在日本歷史上於精英知識分子之間相當知名：1.道家經典《莊子》，尤其是其中與「楊朱」和「原始主義」相關的內容；2.墨子傳承的名著《墨子》；以及3.儒家重要著作《孟子》。

This paper seeks to interpret the often enigmatic ideas of Andō Shōeki 安藤 昌益 (1703-1762) in relation to an interpretive field broader than that of Japanese traditions. Simply put, this paper attempts to contextualize Shōeki's thinking within East Asian philosophical contexts. The paper suggests that three classical Chinese philosophical texts are exceptionally pertinent for understanding the theoretical foundations of Shōeki's ideas. These texts also shed light on why Shōeki's thought achieved some cultural broadcast, greater or lesser, in his day and thereafter. The three texts, fairly well known throughout Japanese history among the educated elite, are: 1). a Daoist classic, the Zhuangzi 莊子 (J: Sōshi), especially its 'Yangist' and 'primitivists' writings; 2). the masterwork of the Mohist tradition, the Mozi 墨子 (J: Bokushi); and 3). an important Confucian text, the Mencius 孟子 (C: Mengzi J: Mōshi).