道元：禪在日本的轉化

Dōgen: A Japanese Transformation of Ch'an Buddhism

本文嘗試以十三世紀日本禪師道元（1200-1254）為焦點，經由使其宗教哲學思想可與中國對等思想互相區別的方式，闡明禪在日本的轉化。為此，本文將以道元的鉅著《正法眼藏》與中國禪師的著作相互比較，闡釋若干顯著的差異。為達成本文之目標，將概要檢視以下四點：（1）道元對文字的立場，（2）其禪體驗，（3）根據其體驗對現象之組成進行哲學分析，（4）道元對禪時空意識的哲學表達。

This article is an attempt at articulating a Japanese transformation of Ch'an Buddhism by focusing on a thirteenth century Japanese Zen Master, Dōgen (1200-1254), in such a way that his religious-philosophical thought can be distinguished from the Chinese counter-parts. To do so, it will elucidate some of the salient differences by comparing Dōgen's magnus opus, Shōbōgenzō (正法眼 藏) with the works of Chinese Ch'an masters. It will briefly examine the following four topics in order to accomplish the goals of the article: 1) Dōgen's stance on language, 2) his Zen Experience, 3) a philosophical analysis of the structure of appearing in light of his experience, and 4) his philosophical expression concerning Zen spatial-temporal awareness.