中國近代武士道理念的檢討

A Discussion of the Idea of the Warrior Way in Modern China

一九○四年梁啟超（1873-1929）曾在上海廣智書局以「飲冰室主人」之名出版《中國之武士道》一書。此書以日本尚武而國勢日強，中國不武而衰亡為其基本邏輯，希望重新喚起中國人尚武的民族天性，以使中國趨於富強。本文旨在檢討梁啟超「中國之武士道」理念的影響及成敗。本文的結論以為：中國不具備類似日本武士道的文化條件，又有戀生享樂的楊朱思想為其底層文化，因此梁啟超之橫移日本的武士道，在中國最後僅形成「體育強種」及「恢復尚武天性以競爭於列強」之論說而已，不能真正達成改造國民性格的目的。

In 1904 Liang Qichao (梁啟超, 1873-1929) published The Chinese Warrior Way in which he argued that Japan had become a strong country because it gave prominence to the role of the warrior, while China had grown weak because it did not. To rectify that situation, Liang expressed his hope to awaken the warrior spirit of the Chinese people and thus see the country on the road to strength and prosperity. In this paper, we review the influence and impact of Liang's idea of the 'Chinese warrior way.' We conclude that China does not have the cultural conditions like those found in Japan that gave rise to the notion of bushido (武士 道). Furthermore, we note that since the love of life and pleasure associated with the thought of Yang Zhu (楊朱) has become an important cultural substratum, Liang's attempts to import the Japanese idea of bushido ultimately did not result in strengthening the nation as he had hoped. At most, it resulted in the alternate discourses of 'strengthening the race through exercise' and 'restoring a warrior spirit to compete with European nations.'