文學的視覺記憶：當代意大利歷史小說中作為想像社群的集體認同

The Visionary Memory of Literature: Collective Identity as an Imagined Community in Contemporary Italian Historical Fiction

本文探討當代意大利各種社會、文化與政治團體以純文學為媒介，創造、表達與重新塑造其歷史自我形象的方式。在意大利陷於衝突的過去三十年當中，歷史小說持續積極釀造一種結構複雜的歷史意識，擺盪於共同過去的懷舊重建和以未來為導向的反推之間。本文在當代社會心理學與文化理論的大架構下，就純文學於其間所提供的社會政治功能提出見解，尤其聚焦於在認同建構的過程和策略中，規範性的先天因素與重建性的後天因素所分別扮演的角色。

This paper makes an inquiry into the ways in which various social, cultural and political groups in the present-day Italy create, express and recast their historical self-image in the medium of belles-lettres. In the conflict-ridden Italy of the last 30 years, historical fiction has been actively generating a complexly structured historical consciousness oscillating between nostalgic reconstructions of the collective past on the one hand, and its future-oriented retroception, on the other. The insights into the socio-political function of belles-lettres offered therein are discussed within a larger framework of the present-day sociopsychological and cultural theory with a particular focus on the respective roles of normative prescription and reconstructive postscription in the processes of identity construction and politics.