談日本儒學的「制度化」──以十七至十九世紀為中心

The Institutionalization of Confucianism in Modern Japan

日本沒有實行科舉制度，儒學學習的場所只限於私人的學問塾，沒能與國家和政治世界接軌，所以學問無法跟特定的階級形成固定的聯繫。近世日本社會沒有形成通過學問以自覺政治責任的構造和制度。相對於制度化的學問所及藩校等的定型學問，從市井的私人學問塾當中更能出現卓越突出的知性生產，反而促進學問上自由的發展，展現了多樣化且個性化的知性發展。

This article discusses the development of Confucianism in Japan in the period between the 17th and 19th centuries. The author insists that the study of Confucianism was made possible only in private academies in early modern Japan. Due to the fact the there were no civil-service examination system in Japan, Confucianism had no connection with the state and therefore had nothing to do with the Construction of a given social class. In early modern Japan, there was no institution through which learning might contribute to political maneuver. In contrast with the institutionalized imperial schools, the private academies were gynamic and therefore deeloped a more liberal and individualistic intelfectual inclination.