論日本現代哲學中的「感性論」傾向――以中村雄二郎的「共通感覺」為例

On the Aesthetical Inclination in Contemporary Japanese Philosophy: An Explication According to Nakamura's Theory of Common Sense

本論文的目的在闡釋日本現代哲學中「感性論」傾向的意義。對此，本文將討論的重點置於中村雄二郎對「共通感覺」的闡釋，共通感覺也是中村哲學的一個主要概念。首先在第一節中，我們先討論濱田恂子對日本現代哲學的兩個觀察。其次在第二節當中，我們展示中村對共通感覺的兩個基本意義的理解：共通感覺首先表示「五感的綜合」，在這個意義下，它也可以說是最具根源性的感覺，這個意義主要源自亞里斯多德。共通感覺的第二個意義則是來自西塞羅，它意指人生存於一個共同的社會中的「常識」。在第三節中，本文討論Blankenburg 與木村敏對精神病理分析，兩人分別討論了「寡症性精神分裂症」與「離人症」的病因，並且將其視為是「共通感覺」的兩種不同障礙所造成的結果。筆者將解釋的重點置於中村雄二郎對木村敏理論的討論，特別是「自我是場所性的」這個說法。最後在第四節，筆者反省並批判了中村的幾個觀點，並且認為中村其實將「共通感覺」詮釋為一種把握全體情境的「實踐智慧」（phronesis）。在這裏，筆者也試著思考日本現代哲學的感性論傾向所可能開啟的幾個領域。

My primary concern in this paper is to explicate the meaning of the aesthetical (perceptual) inclination in contemporary Japanese philosophy. I will put my focal point on the discussion of Nakamura Yujiro's characterization of common sense, which is also a key concept in his philosophy. In the first section I discuss two main trends in contemporary Japanese philosophy in Hamada's analysis. In section two I begin with Nakamura's explication of the two basic meanings of common sense. Common sense is first according to Aristotle the sense which integrates five senses. And second, something derived basically from Cicero, it can also be thought of as a sense which people share in a common society. Next in section three, I turn to Blankenburg's and Kimura Bin's analysis of the two different kinds of mental disorders, hebephrenic schizophrenia and depersonalization disorder. They both treat these mental disorders as different ineffectiveness in common sense. I emphasize Nakamura's interpretation of Kimura Bin's theory concerning hebephrenic schizophrenia. Some critical positions and reflections I take against Nakamura's conception of common sense are also expressed in section four. It is my view that Nakamura has interpreted common sense as a practical wisdom (phronesis) which grasps the whole circumstance. In this section I also try to expound some possible horizons that are opened by contemporary Japanese aesthetics.