西田幾多郎的「直觀」論

The Theory of 'Intuition' in Nishida Kitarô's Philosophy

本論文的目的在闡釋西田幾多郎哲學中「直觀」的意義，並試圖了解其所可能開啟的視域。筆者的基本觀點在於認為西田的哲學的目的在重新發現日常生活世界的意義。在這個想法之下，西田的「純粹經驗」或「直觀」扮演了一個重要的角色，兩者的意義也必須在這個視域下來了解。本論文將重心置於對西田「純粹經驗」與「行為的直觀」的討論。首先在第一節，筆者闡釋西田「直觀」的基本意義。對西田來說，直觀的基本意義在於不透過任何媒介地對生活世界的直接把握。筆者將這樣的直接把握對比於主客對立下的「知覺」來突顯。再者，在第二節，筆者藉由「分別─無分別」這一組概念來重構西田純粹經驗的內部構造，筆者認為這個兩重構造同時也是我們日常生活經驗的基本構造。第三節討論「行為的直觀」，行為的直觀意謂「行為」與「直觀」的相互創生，在這裏，西田突顯了直觀的「創造面」，直觀作為歷史世界的創造活動被突顯出來。最後在第四節，筆者試著去思考由西田的直觀論所開啟的幾個領域。

My primary concern in this thesis is to elucidate the meaning of intuition in the philosophy of Nishida Kitarô. It is my view that Nishida's philosophy is trying to rediscover the meaning of the daily life in this world. Under this intention his theory of intuition plays an important role.I focus on the discussion of his ”pure experience” and ”acting intuition.” In the first section I explicate the basic meaning of intuition as used by Nishida. According to him, intuition is a direct grasping of daily life in this world without the mediation of reflective thought. This distinguishes intuition from perception, which presupposes a subject-object dichotomy. In section two I try to reconstruct his philosophy of pure experience according to a group of concepts-differentiation and non-differentiation, which is, in my view, the basic structure of our daily experience. In section three I turn to his concept of ”acting intuition.” Acting-intuition means not the opposition between action and intuition, but their mutual generation. Intuition is emphasized in this context as a creative action in the historical world. Finally in section four I try to expound some possible horizons that are opened by Nishida's theory of intuition.