以眼動路徑探討多義圖形的辨識歷程

Exploring the Recognition Process to the Ambiguous Figures by Analyzing the Scanpath of Eye Movement

基於選擇性注意力的理論，為了探討多義圖形的構圖和辨識比對模式的關係，本研究以眼動儀為工具，三幅曖昧圖形和三幅圖地反轉圖形為刺激物，紀錄眼球運動的參數，再藉由質化研究中開放編碼和主軸編碼的程序，把數據與圖形經計算、核對、分類、分層等步驟，提出在多義圖形構圖方面影響辨識的概念，包括：主要區域、次要區域，關鍵特徵和輔助特徵。在解讀兩組圖形的辨識歷程後，歸類五種比對模式，包括：辨識主要區域、主要區域與次要區域相互核對、辨識關鍵區域，看不出目標物和看不到目標物。雖然，此兩組圖形在構圖方面的「欺瞞技巧」不同，使受測者的「搜尋途徑」不同，但「比對行為」無明顯不同。最後，提出多義圖形的搜索與辨識歷程，解釋在心智驅駛（由上而下）與視覺驅使（由下而上）作用下，如何判讀圖形。而在圖形構圖布局的技巧原則亦有所剖析，可提供創作多義圖形之參考。

In order to investigate the relationship between the compositions of ambiguous figures and recognition models under the theory of selective attention, this study takes three equivocal figures and three figure-ground figures as stimuli to carry out the eye tracking. It recodes the eye movement parameters, and applies the procedures of open coding and axial coding in a qualitative research. By the way of the computing, matching, classifying, laying data and pictures, several concepts are submitted to explain the ways of dominating recognition, including primary zone, secondary zone, key feature and secondary feature. The reorganization model is classified into five categories: identifying key areas, verifying primary and secondary zone mutually, identifying critical areas, the inability to perceive the target, and the inability to see the target. Although the 'deceptive skills' on the composition are different in these two sets of graphics and lead to the variation in subjects' vision search models, subjects' recognition behaviors are not significantly different. Finally, we propose the search and recognition process to explain how it identifies a graphic between mental drive (top-down) and vision drive (bottom-up). We also analyze graphic composition which can provide the references for designing ambiguous figures.