緊急救助圖示通用辨識設計研究——以避難緩降機操作說明為例

The Universe and Identification of Safety Information Design: A Case Study on Escape Sling Operating Instructions

避難緩降機機動性強且較不占空間，在高樓大廈林立的地區如東亞國家中的台灣和日本被視為一項必要的逃生器具，也往往是民眾在火場的最後一道逃生關鍵，但國人對消防器具的接觸機會甚少，因此操作說明圖時常是民眾在火災發生之前後學習使用緩降機重要且唯一的管道。一份傳達良好的操作說明圖解，除了應該具備正確的操作資訊外，更應以提昇使用者閱讀績效為目的。本研究為此進行一系列緩降機操作說明圖的相關探討、設計與使用者測試，分為兩階段進行：（1）說明圖設計實驗更新階段，以文獻與專家訪談歸納操作說明圖解應具備之要素，並予以更新設計；（2） 使用者測試階段，依更新與現行兩款操作說明圖對使用者進行實驗與調查，以驗證設計要素之實行績效。研究成果歸納出十點圖示設計要點外，並討論資訊視覺化應具備完整正確的操作資訊、適切的符號運用，以及圖文表達應與使用者實際操作經驗連結，以提供易產生聯想及理解的視覺傳達方式，如是方能架構出利於使用者操作之說明圖解。

The escape sling is a vital emergency aid to rescue people from hazardous fires. As the public is unfamiliar with this facility, a useful instruction has become the only means by which user learn how to operate an escape sling. A conveyable illustration should be able to provide correct information efficiently and effectively. This study carries out several visual information issues through a series of discussions, design processes, and usability tests related to the escape sling. The investigation was proceeded in a two-stage process: 1） the graphical information has been updated based on concluding essential elements through exploring relevant literature and interviewing with experts, and 2） the usability test was executed to verify the effects of design elements. A piece of successful visual information can explain things correctly and clearly. The result lists ten fundamental principles for safety information design on escape sling operating instruction. This article also suggests that graphics need to be designed in a way to allow users to associate with their life experiences. Moreover, the proper application of signs and symbols is another key to provide users with useful and understandable explanation graphics.