動力學造形的發展源流

The Origin and Development of the Kinetic Art

人類最早使用的動力取自於人類本身，例如：鑽木取火、打擊石塊、用手汲水等。但在了解動物的習性之後，就利用家畜的力量從事較具勞動性的工作，甚至更進一步的利用存在於自然中的水力與風力能源。一直到了十九世紀，與人類同時誕生的動力技術，從道具邁向機械發展的過程，在此有了極大的轉變。相同的，造形之發展過程受到技術的影響共同成長，在現代科技愈來愈發達的今天，科學與藝術相互結合的趨勢成為主流，自然而然對動力學造形的發展產生極大的影響。 本研究以蒐集動力學造形的相關資料和利用文獻探討的方式，探討動力學造形的發展過程，並將發展階段分為：二十世紀前期、二十世紀初期、二十世紀中期、二十世紀後期等，分述動力學造形在這些階段的發展樣貌。最後，並提出以下幾項觀點：1.動力學造形在包浩斯預備教育中確定為設計基礎教育的一環；2.現代藝術與動力學造形有密切的關係；3.動力學造形將以高科技為主導，而持續發展；4.動力學造形將會結合互動性、參與式的表現。 本研究藉由探討上述動力學造形相關的歷史源流，以確立動力學造形在設計與造形藝術領域的學術地位。

The earliest power source utilized by humans is taken from humans themselves. For example, early humans made fire, built stone tools, and utilized water by hand. After domesticating animals, humans made use of animal labor. Humans then moved on to utilize natural powers, such as water and wind. In the 19th century, humans began to exploit machine power, which was the key for many parts of the world to become industrialized. Form creations were influenced by technologies, in the same way as the transition from human labor to the machine power. Following the rapid progress of modern technologies in recent years, the combination of art and science becomes more important, and this obviously influences the development of the kinetic art. This study started by collecting information and references related to the kinetics art, which were then classified based on time periods into four stages: the earliest 20th century, the initial 20th century, the middle 20th century and the later 20th century. We analyzed these data and obtained several conclusions: 1. the kinetic art established its position as a part of the basic design education since its inclusion in the Bauhaus curriculum; 2. there exists a close relationship between contemporary art and the kinetic art; 3. the kinetic art has been and will continue to be influenced and led by high tech development; 4. the future form of the kinetic art will emphasize interaction and participation of users. This research seeks to validate the important academic position of the kinetic art in the field of design and visual arts, by examining the historical development of the kinetic art.