以主觀騎乘舒適性感受探討較舒適自行車座點位置之研究

Preferable Bicycle-Riding Position According to Total Subjective Sensation of Rider

自行車主要是針對人們的騎乘而設計，因此自行車的設計除了車架本身結構的考量外，尚需考慮到騎乘者身體各部的尺寸的配合及舒適程度等人因工程相關要素。本研究主要目的在於探討座墊位置對於騎乘舒適性之影響。透過運用多變項可調式模擬騎姿形態量測平台於不同座高條件下，採定速且短時間騎乘後；以Likert尺度及Borg's尺度，分別詢問受測者手部、腳部、軀幹及臀部等相關部位及整體的主觀舒適程度等。據此探討騎乘舒適性、座高及身體各部位間之相關程度，推估其迴歸曲線，以求得自行車騎乘舒適性較佳的座點位置與姿勢。 本研究結果顯示（1）隨著座位垂直高度的降低，整體舒適度亦呈現逐漸舒適的趨勢，惟座高過低時仍會有不舒適的主觀感受。（2）隨著座位水平位移的減少，整體舒適程度亦呈現逐漸提升的趨勢，然而過於靠近曲柄軸心的水平位置，其不舒適的主觀感受明顯的提高。（3）透過迴歸曲線，推估較佳座位垂直高度約520mm左右與水平位移約為158mm左右，據此換算座管的較佳傾斜角度為73.1°，相關數據可提供自行車設計之參考。

Ergonomics is an important consideration for well-designed bicycles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vertical height and horizontal displacement of seat on the rider's physiological and psychological responses during riding. An adjustable multi-variable model was employed to simulate the riding postures under different riding conditions. A questionnaire was designed to assess the riding comfort using Borg's scale and Likert scale. Riders' subjective opinions regarding riding comfort were evaluated after a short practice for each riding condition. The relationship between riding comfort and seat position was then established from the regression curves of the physiological and psychological responses with respect to the vertical height and horizontal displacement of seat. The preferable seat position offering best riding comfort can be derived from the regression curves. The results show the following. （1） Lowering the vertical height of the seat will increase riding comfort, while discomfort may arise when the vertical height becomes too low. （2） Decreasing the horizontal displacement of the seat will also increase riding comfort, while discomfort will increase when the horizontal displacement becomes too close to the crank axle. （3） Regression curves reveal that the preferable vertical height of the seat is about 520 mm while the optimal horizontal displacement is about 158 mm. According to such estimation, the best slant angle of the seat tube is 73.10. Results of this study can provide useful references for bicycle design.