風格與規則——建立一個汽車造形的分類系統

STYRULE-A Classification System of Car Styling

本文依據汽車外觀特徵發展一個造形風格分類的專家系統雛形－－STYRULE。其方法為選擇道奇（Dodge）公司自1942年至1997年生產的30輛汽車為樣本，分別針對10項外觀特徵與風格時期進行迴歸分析、卡方檢定與變異數分析以決定其關聯性，發特定汽車廠所生產的汽車外觀特徵與造形風格分類和出廠年份之間存在明確的關 係，然後將這些關係轉換成一組加權式分類規則，據以建立STYRULE系統，並加以測試與評估。結果顯示，STYRULE的分類能力具有相當程度的正確性；至於該系統無法正確分類的少 數測試案例係源自其外特徵介於兩種年代連續的風格之間，日而在有美範圍內被誤判為前一種風格或後一種風格。這也指出本研究的風格概念與設計史的風格概念之間的差異。STYRULE除了可以適當分類汽車案例的風格之外，更可用以檢驗新的汽車造形設計的新穎程度，所使用的方法與原理也可做為進一步以外特徵為基礎的風格分類專家系統之雛形。

This paper is to develop a prototype of expert system for style classification, namely, STYRULE, by means of specifying the relationship between product appearance features and the corresponding styles. First, thirty car models produced by Doge Motor company form 1942 through 1997 are chosen as examples. The associations between ten appearance features of these cars and the corresponding styles are examined by using statistical methods. As a result, they are transformed to a set of weighted rules for classifying styles in order to build STYRULE. The relationship between these car's appearance features with their production year and the corresponding styles as well can be specified to a certain extent. The major reason that few trial cars are incorrectly classified by STYRULE into the styles that precedes or follows their correct styles many be that they were produced during the overlapping period of these two styles, which are defined by most design historians. Since STYRULE shows a rather good performance, it is useful to classify the styles and to examine the novelty of car styling, and has potentials to expand to a more sophisticated system.