都市公園綠地區位景觀生態評估之研究

The Allocation Evaluation of Urban Parks and Greenspace through Landscape Ecological Approach

自從聯合園環境規劃著（UNEP），國際自然和自然資源保護聯盟（IUCN）及世界野生動物基金會（WWF）於1980年提出「永續發展」的理念，「綠地系統」的建構成了世界各國「都市永續發展」的重要政策。台灣地區的公園綠地系統，因過度的破碎化及區位的不適宜，致未能發揮其應有的生態功能。本研究以景觀生態學為基礎，試圖建構都市公園綠地區位之評估架構。經文獻歸納實質生態完整性及社會文化功能的評估因子，進一步採取兩階段專家問卷調查，第一階段以模糊德爾菲法篩選都市公園綠地生態區位評估因子。評估因子分為三個層級，第一層級因子包括「實質生態完整性」及「社會文化功能」等兩項；第二層級因子包括「景觀涵構」、「環境生態性」、「休閒遊憩功能」及「社會文化功能」等四項；第三層級因子則包括「公園綠地面積」等十六項。第二階段則運用模糊層級分析法求得因子成對比較值，並利用相似度整合法的程序，計算個別因子的權重，依此建立都市公園綠地生態區位之評估架構。最後依據評估架構，選取台中市的東峰公園及豐榮公園進行生態區位適宜性之評估。評估結果發現東峰公園因擁有較佳的結構及功能等因素，在實質生態完整性方面優於豐榮公園；而豐榮公園則因擁有多樣的遊憩機會等因素，在社會文化功能方優於東峰公園。評估結果反映評估基地實質環境對生態區位適宜性的影響，並可作為都市公園綠地區位評估及規劃設計的參考依據及都市綠地系統生態評估的基礎。

Since UNEP, IUCN and WWF provoked the idea of 'sustainable development' of a city in 1980, the establishment of greenspace system became a worldwide issue of urban development However, the urban greenspace in Taiwan has not reached its function because of the fragment and unfitting allocation. Therefore, the study tried to develop a theoretical framework for establishing an evaluation model based on the landscape ecology point of view. It tried to examine the evaluation factors of the allocation of urban parks and greenspace. Aiming at the structure, feature, and fitting allocation of urban parks and greenspace, the study underwent two-phases of questionnaire conducting by experts. In phase one, the questionnaire carried Fuzzy Delphi method to examine and choose the evaluation factors of the allocation of urban parks & green space. Evaluation factors included three hierarchies. The first hierarchy included the criteria of 'completeness of physical ecology' and 'cultural functions'. While hierarchy the second included 'context', 'ecological functions', 'recreational functions', and 'cultural functions'. The third hierarchy included sixteen criteria, such as 'area of park or greenspace', etc. In phase two, the questionnaire applied Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy process Method to obtain the comparison value of each pair of factors. Then the study utilized the calculate process of Similarity Aggregation Method to obtain the weight of each individual factor. Finally, the evaluation framework of the allocation of urban parks and greenspace was established. The evaluation framework was applied to Dong-Feng Park and Feng-Ler Park in Taichung city as case studies. It was found that the completeness of physical ecology in Dong-Feng Park is superior to Feng-Ler Park, because of its fine spatial structure and functions of landscape. While the cultural functions of Feng-Ler Park is superior to Dong-Feng Park, because there are various opportunities to recreate. The evaluation outcome indicated that how does the importance of the influence of physical environment of the sites to the ecological allocation. The result could be used as a reference for future planning, design, and improvement of parks and greenspace. Furthermore, it also could be a foundation of ecological assessment for urban greenspace system.