由景觀生態學觀點探討都市基質環境之永續利用——以臺中市東區及南屯區為例

A Study on the Evaluation of Urban Matrix Environment via Landscape Ecological Approach-A Case Study on the Eastern Region and Nantwen Region in Taichung City

本研究以都市生態學、景觀生態學及生態設計理論為基礎，探討都市基質環境的永續利用，透過文獻法建構評估層級因子，並利用模糊德爾菲法及相關性與獨立性檢定進行二階段之因子適宜性檢測暨因子篩選，同時以模糊層級分析法建立因子權重，進而提出都市基質環境永續利用之評估架構。最後分別以台中市東區及南屯區作為實證基地及對照基地，經調查評估後提出評估架構及實證基地之檢討，以作為未來都市環境設計評估及改善之參考依據。研究結果顯示：評估架構之目標層為都市基質環境永續利用，第一層級包括實質環境生態完整性及社會文化功能等二項；第二層級為自然環境生態性、環境涵構、環境負荷與資源利用、休閒功能提升及環境教育及民眾參與等五項；第三層級則具有植物種類多樣性、可回復性材料及寧適性等十六項因子。經由實證基地評估後，本研究提出實證基地之改善建議為：（1）提升自然環境生態性及改善環境教育及民眾參與；（2）降低環境負荷並提升資源利用效益；（3）強化休閒功能；（4）結合嵌塊體與廊道，平衡環境涵構之發展。

The study discusses the hierarchical evaluation factors of the framework by reviewing the literatures on the theories of landscape ecology, ecological design and urban ecology. Two steps of factors selection and suitability testing are carried out based on the techniques of FDM, correlation and independence analysis. While the FAHP is used to establish the weights of factors. The study proposes the framework for the sustainable use of urban matrix environment. Then, it gives a demonstration by the Eastern region and Nantwen region of Taichung City to criticize the evaluation framework and review the two sites. The objective level in the framework of this study is 'the sustainable use of urban matrix environment', and the factors in the first level including 'ecological integrity of physical environment' and 'social cultural functions'. In the second level, the factors involves 'ecological function of natural environment', 'environment context', 'environmental loading and resources using', 'promotion of leisure function', and 'environmental education and public participation', which are achieved by 16 factors in the third level, such as 'plant species diversity', 'restorative materials', 'amenity' and etc.. The study suggests to improve the urban matrix environment by: （1）promoting the 'ecological function of natural environment' and 'environmental education and public participation'; （2）reducing the environmental loading and increasing the efficiency of resource using; （3） strengthening the leisure function; （4）balancing the development of the environment context by combining patches and corridors.