色彩差異因素對物體色色彩調和的影響

Influence of an Integrated Color Interval of Object Colors on Color Harmony

在色彩調和理論的研究上，Moon & Spencer曾提出的色彩量化的模型，分別以色相差、明度差與彩度差為量尺，對調和區與不調和區加以定義。但將人對色彩的視覺過程，獨立成三個向度來考量，似不符合人的視覺經驗。因此，歐立成等以均勻色彩空間中兩色點的距離，定義同時涵蓋色相差、明度差與彩度差的綜合色差（∆E*ab），並以色光為顯色條件，探討色差與色面積因素對色彩調和的影響，得到初步的結果。為了使這色彩調和理論的研究更為完整，本研究將以物體色為顯色條件，來繼續探討色彩差異與物體色色彩調和的關係。 在進行這研究主題之前，我們以並置、穿插、包圍與不規則鄰接線，這四種不同的造形關係，當成測試圖形，分別進行實驗，以探討造形關係對調和度的影響。實驗結果顯示，四種造形關係所反應的色彩調和度，有顯著差異；而以不規則鄰接造形的影響程度最大，其它三種造形之間則無顯著差異。為色票製作的方便與經濟性，接著的色彩調和實驗圖形，就採最簡單的並置關係來進行。在探討綜合色差與調和度的關係，我們假設色彩差異與調和度之間，存在某種函數關係。在實驗中，以色票呈現390組不同色差的雙色配色圖形，讓受測者針對每一組配色，進行調和度的評分。實驗結果顯示，色彩差異與色彩調和之間，具有三次曲線的函數關係，此與色光色的實驗結果相似；然而，其曲線特徵與色光色的實驗結果不同。而根據此曲線，可將色差分成類似調和、曖昧與對比調和三區。 此外，針對傳統的配色原則作檢證的結果顯示，當配色的明度對比很高時，其調和度較高。而當配色的色相相同，但明度、彩度不同時（等色相配色），調和度較高。若配色中，包含觀者的喜好色，則該配色的調和度亦明顯提高。然而，其他的配色原則，如「等值配色」等，在本研究中，並未有較高的調和度。

Moon and Spencer's quantitative model of color harmony is an interesting and important theory in the field of color harmony. According to this model, various pleasing/displeasing color intervals in each of the three attributes of color, i.e. hue, value, and chroma, can be identified. The idea of distinguishing pleasing/displeasing color intervals is enlightening. The concept that assumes people's color perception to be independent with these three attributes, however, seems contradictory to our visual experience. To verify the idea, the authors proposed an integrated color interval and investigated the relation between color interval and color harmony in light colors （colors displayed on a CRT）. To comprehensively extend our study of color harmony, the relation between color interval and color harmony in object colors was further studied. A brief experiment was performed initially to decide whether or not different boundary conditions between two component colors in a color combination would influence the evaluation of color harmony. It has been found that, except for the irregular borderline test pattern, there is no significant difference among other three test patterns. For the consideration of ease and economy in preparing test color patches, a juxtaposition test pattern was adopted in the main experiment, in which 31 subjects were invited to evaluate the degrees of color harmony of 390 color combinations with various color intervals. The results reveal a cubic function between color harmony and the color interval, which confirms the previous study of light colors. However, the characteristic of this cubic function is different from that found in the previous study. Furthermore, from this cubic curve, instead of four color intervals as in the previous study of light colors, only three color intervals, corresponding to similarity, ambiguity and contrast respectively, can be identified. The data of harmony degrees collected were then used to verify some conventional theories of color harmony. Among them, only the theory of contrast luminance and the theory of constant hue were supported. It is also found that color combinations with preferable colors are significantly more harmonious than those without preferable colors.