微創人工膝關節置換術21世紀最常施行的手術之演進

Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty--The Evolution of a Most Commonly Performed Surgery in 21st Century

膝關節的功能對日常生活至關重要，退化性關節炎或類風濕性關節炎等疾患會造成關節軟骨的破壞、關節的疼痛與變形。加上目前世界人口組成的老化，與其相應的退化性關節疾病之盛行，已經成為世界各種族的重要議題。當保守療法失敗，便必須以人工關節置換手術方式，取代部分或全部的受損關節。其中取代股骨、脛骨、及髕骨全部受損關節面的手術，便稱為全人工膝關節置換手術。本文簡述了微創全人工膝關節置換手術的概念，及其與傳統手術方式的比較。

With the aging global population, the consequent diseases of the joints have become a very important issue all over the world. Among all the joints in the human body, the knee joint is a very important joint for daily life. Diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis may lead to a situation where the knee cartilage is damaged, causing pain and deformation in the joint. When conservative treatments of such conditions of the knee fail, surgical treatments are applied. Such treatments include partial or complete replacement of the joints with an artificial joint. This kind of procedure is called knee arthroplasty. A complete replacement of the tibia and femoral condyles of a knee is called total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this paper, we present an introduction to minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (MIS TKA) and compare it with conventional TKA.