歷史建築物具開口部磚牆面內水平加載實驗及牆體耐力估算

Experimental Investigation and Resistant Capacity Evaluation of URM Wall with Opening under In-Plane Loading

磚砌牆體在很多古蹟及歷史建築為抵抗地震最重要之元素，然而為配合空間功能需要，牆體一般會有門窗開口。為探討具開口部磚砌牆體在水平面內力作用下之結構行為，本文製做5道磚牆試體，試體之灰漿填加石灰，用以模擬歷史建築磚牆。實驗結果顯示牆體之主要破壞模式包括牆體對角角隅區域之斜向裂縫，以及相鄰開口間壁體之上、下端部之水平裂縫。根據此破壞模式，本文進一步提出具開口部牆體面內水平耐力之估算方式，此耐力估算經與四道試體之極限加載比較，其差值平均在4%以內。另本文之牆體耐力估算方式並實際應用於國定古蹟原台南地方法院第一法庭，評估結果較目前修復保存業界常用之方法更能解釋現況損壞。

In Taiwan, the wall is the most important element that provides the earthquake resistance for the many historic buildings. However, due to the necessary of the function of the space, the masonry wall usually have many window or door openings. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural performance of URM wall with opening. In this study, five brick wall specimens were manufactured and tested under in-plane loading. The slime is added in the mortar to simulate the wall of historic building. From the test, it can be observed that the main damage modes of the wall with opening includes the oblique crack in the diagonal corner area and the horizontal crack on the top and bottom of the piers between two openings. Basing on the failure mode observed from the experiment, a procedure for evaluating the ultimate strength of URM wall with opening is developed in this study. After comparing the evaluated ultimate strength with the experiment result, average differential value of ultimate wall strength is less than 4%. Besides, this procedure is applied to assess the seismic capacity of the first courtroom of the Prime Tainan District Court which is a National Historic Site in Tainan. The evaluated result shows that it can illustrate the actual damage of the building more reasonably than the method usually adopted in the engineering practice of historic building conservation. No more than 250 words.