傳統建築修繕的發展與困境－－以金門宗祠建築為例

The Development and Dilemma Facing Conservation of Traditional Architecture – A Case Study of Kinmen’s Ancestral Halls

金門的文化體系源於閩南的泉漳地區，建築形式傳承母文化的特質。傳統建築藉由泉漳等地工匠興築，基本上與原鄉的形制近似，或進而在本地發展出多樣化的地域建築。近年兩岸交流熱絡，與原鄉斷絕往來40餘年後恢復了聯繫，金門的文化體系受到對岸強勢經濟文化的影響，在交流中逐漸有偏斜的情形。其中，傳統建築修繕過程中，金門因地利之便引入廉價的材料、工匠，新風貌的修繕工程逐漸影響傳統建築。通過數個修繕實例及流行風格的影響結果，可以看出傳統建築修繕的發展趨勢。本文從當前金門宗祠建築的修繕現況，檢視修繕過程的思維及其背後的影響因子，進一步指出傳統建築在金門所遇到的變革，與文化性衰微的發展現象。

The culture of Kinmen finds its roots in the cities of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou, of Fukien Province, and the local architecture reflects the unique characteristics from the area. These traditional buildings were erected by craftsman from the Quanzhang area, and were basically identical to the form and structure of those in their hometown, though some diverse architectural styles were uniquely developed in Kinmen. In recent years, cross-strait travel has flourished, and after over four decades, previously severed links with Mainland China have been restored. With it, however, the local culture of Kinmen has been greatly impacted by the strong economic and cultural influence from Mainland China. One such instance is in the conservation of traditional architecture. The convenient proximity of Kinmen to Mainland China has led to the import of cheap materials and labor, all of which are gradually changing the appearance of traditional architecture. Through the data collected from numerous cases of architectural conservation and their various architectural styles, we can identify developmental trends in the conservation of traditional architecture.Based upon the current conservation status of Kinmen's ancestral halls, this paper probes the prevailing thought and factors behind the conservation process. Further, this paper identifies the changes impacting Kinmen's traditional architecture, and explores the dilemmas present in the phenomenon of a weakening culture.