建築物視障者引導概念與引導設施設計之適用性探討

A Research of the Adaption of Guidance Concepts and Facilities Design in the Building for People with Visual Impairments

國內新公告之無障礙設施設計規範和視障者相關之設施規定大部分在提供視障者行進之危險警 示，對於提供視障者行進便利性之通行系統仍然是困難的，為讓視障者有機會擁有獨立自主的生活環 境，建立環境設計基準應是國內亟需努力的課題。有鑒於國內多年來各視障福利機構或教育訓練單位已 在建築環境中運用引導概念以及設計各種引導設施來引導視障者，然而卻從未全面性深入評估各種引導 概念與引導設施設計之適用性，因此本研究目的在於：(一)廣泛收集國內外各種設計技術，以探討各類 可能之視障引導概念與引導設施設計(二)深入了解各相關團體之意見而凝聚共識，提出具適用性之引導 概念與引導設施設計建議。本研究採用田野調查法針對國內視障者生活與教育訓練場所、一般公共建築 物進行視障者引導概念與引導設施設計案例調查分析，以及透過國外建築設計案例與設計規範之分析而 收集各種設計技術，並經由使用者團體、設計者團體兩階段之焦點團體討論以界定視障者引導概念與引 導設施設計之適用性應探討課題；針對適用性相關課題採用全國性問卷調查，包含視障者、定向訓練團 體、建築設計團體、主管機關等600 個受調樣本，分別統計其意見傾向及進行差異分析，來探討各類引 導概念與引導設施設計之適用性。 研究發現：(一)浮凸地圖、牆面扶手、空間標示設施、材料對比、顏色對比、光線、語音、空間配 置與動線規劃等引導概念均可運用來引導視障者，唯不適合使用嗅覺引導。(二)壁掛式明盲兩用之浮凸 地圖、不鏽鋼片點字設施崁入木質扶手之牆面扶手、不鏽鋼或壓克力製作之空間標示設施、具有粗糙與 平整識別性之材料對比、具有主體淺色與背景深色識別性之顏色對比、來自地面牆角照明之光源等均為 較佳之引導設施設計。(三)空間配置與動線規劃引導應優先適用於視障者生活與教育訓練場所，而語音 引導應優先適用於一般公共建築物之開放空間。

A little regulation only providing dangerous warning for blind people in the new building code will still have difficulty in constructing the travel system for providing available route for blind people in Taiwan. For making people with visual impairments having the chance of independent acting, to establish designing criteria is urgent issue. Many institutions for the education and training of blind people had applied a vary of guidance concepts and designed a lot of guiding facilities in the past years, but the adaption of concepts and facilities have not been evaluated. The purpose of this research is to collect the designing technique of guidance concepts and guiding facilities, and to propose adaption through focus grouping. This research surveyed the case of guidance concepts and guiding facilities in the institutions for the education and training of blind people and in the public buildings by field study. The analysis of foreign designing cases and building codes were processed and the discussion of focus group including user group and design group were held to define the issues of adaption. A national-wide questionnaire including 600 samples composed of users, designers and administrators was processed to understand the adaption of guidance concepts and facilities design in the building for people with visual impairments. The findings show that tactile map, handrail with braille sign, tactile sign for space, material contrast, color contrast, lighting, verbal descriptions and building planning are available for guiding except for olfactory. The second, hanging tactile map for blind and sighted people, braille sign made of steel fixed in the wooden handrail, tactile sign for space made of steel, material contrast identified by rude and flat, color contrast identified by subject with light tone and background with heavy tone, lighting from the ground corner by illustration are better facilities design for guidance. The third, guidance concept of building planning should be priority applied in the place of living, education and training for people with visual impairments, and guidance concept of verbal descriptions should be priority applied in the open space of general public buildings.