愛身念重──《折肱漫錄》（1635）中文人之疾與養

Sensitivity on the Body and Health: Experience of Body Feeling, Disease and Medicine in the Zhegong Manlu (1635)

《折肱漫錄》是一部中國歷史上罕見的病人第一手報告，善病的文人作者黃承昊（1576-1650?）長期記錄身體、疾病、醫療與養生的經驗，以及病中的身體感，在醫者主導的醫學書寫版圖中，為氣勢微弱的病人發聲。黃承昊在《折肱漫錄》中，以病人的身分，傾訴疾病帶來的痛苦與身體感，以及對醫療品質暨環境的疑惑與不信任；以醫者的身分，教導讀者正確的養病與養生之道；以兼具病人、文人與醫者的身分，揭示個人的醫病經驗，提供同患者參考，完成士大夫經世濟民的理想。黃承昊汲汲追求個人健康、長壽的信念與心態，來自於其對身體強烈而敏銳的憂慮與執著，此一愛身念重的情懷，主宰他的日常生活、心態與思想，使疾病、醫療與養生成為其私領域活動的重心。從不知醫而誤於寒藥，到醫理通透而專求溫補，三折肱而習醫充權的黃承昊，不僅改善健康，亦改變醫病關係，透過醫學的語言，以文人∕病人∕醫者的實際體驗，參與明代溫補與寒涼兩大醫學陣營的論爭。《折肱漫錄》不僅生動地刻畫黃承昊個人的身體、疾病、醫療與養生史，呈現晚明江南士大夫日常生活的重要面向，同時也反映當代的醫療環境與文化，以及醫療市場的特色。

Zhegong Manlu (Random Notes on Broken Limbs, 1635) is a rare first-hand report by a patient, Huang Chenghao, a middle-ranking official from a well-known family in Zhejiang in late Ming. Huang was susceptible to disease throughout his life, and often was the victim of ineffective treatments. He then trained himself to be a physician mainly by studying medical and pharmaceutical texts. In the Zhegong Manlu, he recorded his experience of body feeling, disease, depression, anxiety, and medicine as well as his relationship with healers in detail. Unlike most medical texts composed by physicians, Zhegong Manlu takes the perspective from both the patient's and the physician's points of view. Unlike most of his peer literati's notes and diaries on disease, Huang applied medical terminology to build up his authority as a medical expert. Huang Chenghao plays three roles in the Zhegong Manlu. As a patient, apart from describing pain, suffering, and body feeling, Huang also expressed his skepticism and distrust of the medical establishment. As a physician, he taught his readers proper ways of treating disease and nurturing (yangsheng) their bodies. As both a patient and physician, he revealed his own experience to his fellow patients and physicians to reach the goal of social responsibility. After accumulating experience and becoming a medical expert, he found that he needed the warm and replenishing treatment. He soon became a follower of the warm and replenishing school, and used his own experience to participate in the medical disputes between the cold and cool school and the warm and replenishing school in the Ming dynasty. Huang's concern about body, health and life span impacted his life style and way of thinking. By taking a closer look on the Zhegong Manlu, we can not only explore a literati's private life but also delve into the characteristics of his contemporary medical establishment and the medical market.