原住民升學優待制度的合憲性探討

A Review of the Constitutionality of Affirmative Actions of Education for Indigenous People

現行憲法增修條文第10條第11項與第12項規定了多元文化與原住民保障的憲法依據。近年來執政者也積極採取對原住民的優惠措施，致力於弭平原住民過去不平等的待遇。然而，依現行規定沒有通過原住民文化與語言認證的原住民學生，代表著單純只是因為出生、血統或種族因素，就獲得升學上加分的優惠差別待遇，這樣的升學優待制度其合憲性值得加以探討。本文首先從升學優待制度的演變與憲法依據的探討出發，再針對現今國家提供原住民學生的升學優惠制度，是否違反憲法第7條規定的平等權保障，進行合憲性的檢驗。最後，針對合憲的原住民升學優待制度提出檢討與建議，論證國家在對於原住民學生升學優待的同時，也不至於侵害非原住民學生平等權的憲法邏輯。

Article 10, Paragraphs 11 and 12 of the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China provides the constitutional basis for the protection of cultural diversification and of indigenous people. In recent years, the government actively adopts affirmative actions for indigenous students in high school and college entrance examination to alleviate the past unequal treatments suffered by the indigenous people. However, in existing system, the indigenous students who fail the certifications of their knowledge of indigenous cultures and languages, can still receive ten percent bonus points for their enrollments of high schools and colleges. Accordingly, for those who, the Regulation grants preferential treatment to indigenous students who fail the certifications of knowledge of indigenous culture and language simply because of their places of birth, bloods and races. This kind of affirmative actions may infringe the right of equal protection of nonindigenous students and may call into doubt of its constitutionality and warrants further discussions.