技能與社會階層流動之初探

The Study of Information Skills and Social Mobility

在資訊科技對全球社會造成普遍影響的今天，徒勞動力供給的角度來看，資訊技能及知識是否真能如人力資本論或後工業論者的論述影響著勞動者的就業及社會地位流動？本研究嘗試探討個人社經背景、資訊進用和資訊技能對於職業流動的影響。研究採用電話簿系統抽樣方法，共電話訪問調查國內531家戶之戶長，或主要收入來源者。主要的雙項包括職業流動、業間及業內流動、資訊近用及資訊技能、和個人社經地位背景資料等。研究結果說明人力資本論在現今的職業地位取得及流動上還是具有相當的解釋力。資訊近用的影響在研究結果中並不顯著的。業間流動的情形並不普遍，但技術密集的勞工的確有較高的職業聲望及薪資。Esping-Andersen指稱的成本弊病現象並不明顯。國內中下層職業向上流動的情況依然可見，但上層及中上層衰退的情形則非常明顯。

This study aims at exploring the impacts of information access, technological skill, and socio-demographic characteristics on job mobility. Moreover, this paper examines the directions of cross-sectional job mobility and the changes of occupational prestige in a job turnover episode. A total of 531 householders were telephone interviewed. The results suggest the human capital factors are important determinants on occupational attainment. The extent of information access shows a limited impact on job mobility. Inter-sectional job mobility is seldom happened, however, the skill-intensive labors do show a better job status and wages than those labor-intensive workers. A declining upper class phenomena was found in the study.