台灣東部某區域醫院護理人員情緒勞務及心理健康之關係

The Correlation between Nurses' Emotional Labor and Mental Health

本研究旨在探討台灣東部某區域醫院護理人員情緒勞務和心理健康之間的關係。依據橫斷式、相關性研究設計，以情緒勞務量表與心理健康自評問卷(SRQ-20)蒐集資料，有效問卷346份，採描述性、變異數分析、相關及迴歸等統計檢測變項間的關係。結果發現：(1)護理人員有高度情緒勞務；88.73%心理健康狀況不理想；(2)職務、科別與基本情緒表達均有顯著差異，科別與表層情緒控制有顯著差異，教育程度與心理健康有顯著差異；(3)護理人員年齡、年資均與基本情緒表達、互動程度里顯著正相關，年資與表層情緒控制呈顯著正相關，與情緒多樣性程度里顯著負相關；另年齡、年資與心理健康呈顯著負向關聯性，表示年齡越長、年資越深，其心理健康得分越低（健康狀況越好）；(4)基本情緒表達、表層情緒控制與心理健康呈顯著負相關；(5)情緒勞務可解釋心理健康狀況18%變異量。建議醫療產業對於護理人員情緒勞務及心理健康須更加重視。

This cross-sectional, correlational study aims to probe the correlation between nurses' emotional labor and mental health in a regional hospital of eastern Taiwan. Data were collected by using Emotional Labor scale and the SRQ-20 questionnaires. 346 subjects completed the questionnaire, and descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The first finding was that the subjects' emotional labor was high, with 88.73% in poor mental health status. Secondly, there was a significant difference between the nurses' job positions, work fields and basic emotional expression; between work fields and superficial emotional control, and between educational level and mental health. Thirdly, both nurses' age and seniority had asignificantly positive correlations with basic emotional expression and interactional level. Seniority had a significantly positive correlation with superficial emotional control, but a significantly negative correlation with emotional variety. On the other hand, age and seniority were significantly negatively correlated with mental health; that was, the older and higher seriority nurses were, the lower their mental health scores (mental health status was better). Fourthly, a significantly negative correlation existed between basic emotional expression, superficial emotional control, and mental health. Fifthly, the nurses' emotional labor accounted for 18% of the variance in mental health. These results suggest that administrators in the health care industry should take into consideration the issue of nurses' emotional labor and mental health.