中國寓言的新枝──談晚明漢譯寓言在華的發展與影響

A New Branch of Chinese Fables: The Development and Influence of the Chinese Translation of Western Fables in Late-Ming China

所謂晚明漢譯寓言，即指晚明時期由西方傳教士擇取西方經典，或親自執筆，或由中國文士協助而完成漢譯的寓言故事。漢譯寓言的故事題材本於西方，卻在進行語言轉換時，逐漸與西方經典的原貌有了差距，本文旨在探討漢譯寓言在譯介過程中的調整與改變，先就明末所出版之漢譯寓言的來源與內容作整理，歸納出漢譯寓言的主要來源，包括《伊索寓言》、神話與歷史傳說、聖經與聖徒故事，以及名士軼聞與俗諺等，並就細部探討晚明漢譯寓言趨向天主教化、中國本土化的特徵，由此說明漢譯寓言在華的發展與特色。最末則以《物感》為主要探討對象，進而進行中西寓言文學之比較，說明漢譯寓言對於中國寓言的影響，以及中國文士又如何吸納、轉化漢譯寓言，出現去宗教化，風格兼融中西特色的發展。

The Chinese translation of western fables in the late Ming Dynasty was selected by missionaries and written by themselves only or with the help of Chinese literati. Those fables originated from the West but changed their original meaning when they went into translation. This article aims to study the adjustment and change of the western fables in the process of translation. First, this article investigates the major sources of those western fables. Second, this article analyzes the Catholicization and the sinicization of those western fables in Chinese. Finally, this article discusses the impact of the Chinese translation of western fables on native Chinese fables.