我國企業盈餘管理程度變化之探討

The Change of Earnings Management on Firm’s Financial Report

盈餘管理一向為會計學術與實務界均重視之議題，但目前國內尚未見有對企業盈餘管理行為趨勢變化之相關研究，尤其近年來我國持續推動許多潛在影響企業盈餘管理行為之變革事項，例如，我國會計準則於1999 年開始逐步趨同國際財務報導準則，爾後更持續推動治理機制，此等變革是否對企業盈餘管理行為發生影響，值得探討。本研究以1999 年劃分變革前後期，採前後共20 年期間進行分組，探討我國上市櫃公司之盈餘管理行為，本研究同時利用小額利益損失家數比與裁決性應計項目衡量盈餘管理。研究發現採小額利益損失家數比，企業在1999~2008 年間較1989~1998 年間更不會利用盈餘管理來避免負盈餘出現，但並未存在顯著之變動趨勢。而裁決性應計項目之研究結果則發現，1999~2008 年間企業普遍利用裁決性應計項目拉高報導盈餘，且此期間企業使用裁決性應計項目影響報導盈餘之情況，存在逐期增加之趨勢。額外分析發現具高度盈餘管理動機之企業相較於其他企業，在1999 年後更會利用裁決性應計項目去提升報導盈餘。

There are many important reforms in Taiwan that potentially affect firms’ earning management behavior after 1999. For example, Taiwan has been starting to converge with IFRSs and corporate governance has been improved. This study analyzes firms’ earnings management behavior resulted from those reforms. Henceforth, this study analyzes data prior to and after year 1999 and divides data into groups. This study uses several earnings management proxies. The result from the small profits/small losses ratio analysis indicates that corporations significantly decrease their earnings management behavior to achieve certain earnings target in the post period, but this behavior does not exist significant trend within the post period. The discretionary accruals analysis, on the other hand, shows that firms use discretionary accruals items to achieve higher reporting earnings significantly in the post period. Firms’ earnings management behavior also shows significant trend in the post period.