銀行業內控缺失與財務報表品質之關聯性研究

The Relation Between the Internal Control Weakness and the Quality of Financial Reports in the Banking Industry

1997 年亞洲金融風暴後，我國證券主管機關極力推動公司治理制度，其中內部控制制度可視為公司治理機制中重要之一環。內部控制係一種管理過程，優良的內部控制有助於提高資訊之可靠性與完整性，所以當銀行發生舞弊案件，表示該銀行之內部控管已遭破壞，其提供之資訊將遭受質疑。依據我國「金融控股公司及銀行業內部控制及稽核制度實施辦法」，良好的內部控制能強化財務報導之可靠性，進而提升報表使用者對於財務報表之信心。本研究旨在探討銀行業內部控制缺失與財務報表品質間之關聯，樣本期間為2005 年至2010 年，以行政院金融監督管理委員會網站上公告之重大裁罰案件作為上市櫃銀行內部控制缺失之代理變數，藉以了解內部控制缺失與財務報表品質之關聯。實證結果顯示，相較於未被裁罰之銀行，被懲罰的銀行其財務報表品質較差，與研究預期相符。

The securities authorities have tried to promote the corporate governance systems since the Asian financial crisis of 1997；and the internal control system can be regarded as one of the important parts in the corporate governance mechanism. The establishment of the internal control and internal audit systems, adopted by the Financial Supervisory Commission of Executive Yuan in Taiwan, is based on the policy of “Implementation Rules of Internal Audit and Internal Control System of Financial Holding Companies and Banking Industries”. The policy ensures the on-going and effective operation of the system to promote the sound business operation of financial holding companies (including its subsidiary companies) and the banks. A well-designed internal control system can strengthen the reliability of financial reporting, and enhance the confidence of the users of financial statements. For example, when the frauds occurred in a bank, it represented the bank's internal control system has been damaged, and the information provided by the bank will be challenged. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the relation between the internal control weakness and the quality of financial reports in the banking industry. The absolute value of discretionary bad debt is used to measure the quality of financial reports. The research sample contains the significant penalties cases during the period of 2005-2010 on the Financial Supervisory Commission’s website, which are identified as a proxy for internal control weakness of listed banks. Overall, the results show that the banks with significant penalties have poor quality of financial statements.