心理彈性對運動心理學研究的啟示

The Edification of the Psychological Flexibility in the Study of Sports Psychology

在競技運動中，運動員要有好的表現，除了需具備良好的體能與技術外，心理的因素也非常重要。特別是當與對手勢均力敵時，選手臨場適應與調整的能力往往是影響勝負的關鍵因素。近年來在心理學領域有提出「心理彈性」的概念與理論，而心理彈性的核心概念便是描繪個體適應與調整的能力，然而在運動心理學研究中尚未有對此概念的內涵探討以及相關的研究。本文將提出心理彈性的界定、測量以及過去實證研究的發現。最後本文藉由說明心理彈性在競技運動中可能對運動員認知、情意和行為的影響，希望提供心理彈性在運動心理學領域中的未來研究和應用的一些建議。

In order to perform well, athletes need to have excellent physical condition, techniques, and mental strength. Specifically, athletes' adaptive and adjusting ability are core factors determining winning and losing when they are competing against the opponents with the same levels of physical condition and techniques. Recently, the concept and theory of psychological flexibility has been proposed in the field of psychology. The concept of psychological flexibility depicts the individual's ability of adaption and adjustment. However, the exploration of psychological flexibility in the field of sports psychology was relatively rare. Therefore, this article first introduced the definition and measurement of psychological flexibility, and then reviewed the findings from previously empirical research. Finally, this article also provides insights in terms of the application of psychological flexibility to the future studies in the field of sport psychology through the explanation of the influence of psychological flexibility on athletes' cognitions, affects, and behaviors.