我們是有默契的團隊？－－默契的概念與內涵之探討

We are a team with good “mo-chi”?-The concept and nature of mo-chi

「默契」普遍存在於團隊運作的情境中，在體育的脈絡中，默契更是許多教練與運動員認為能影響團隊表現優劣的重要因素，但對此概念的本質與內涵卻缺乏系統性的探討。過去與團隊運作歷程及團隊表現的實證研究顯示，運動員認為有效地與團隊成員互動及團隊合作是影響團隊表現的重要因素，默契所描述的現象可能即為此歷程，而普遍應用於體育領域中的團隊動力學相關概念如團隊凝聚力與集體效能等心理構面雖然與團隊運作及表現有關，但卻非直接針對與任務相關的團隊運作歷程進行描述與探討。本文以工業與組織心理學領域所發展的團隊心智模式為基礎，從團隊層次的認知觀點探討運動默契，提出運動默契的3種本質與運作歷程，以期對運動團隊的運作機制有更深入的瞭解，並對團隊動力學有所貢獻。

Mo-chi' is a frequently used Chinese-language phrase regarding team processes. In sport, especially, it is considered by both athletes and coaches one of the important deciding factors for team performance. However, the meaning and nature of 'mo-chi' have never been defined and studied systematically. Mo-chi may be related to the effectiveness of interaction and cooperation among team members, which has been perceived by the athlete as an important factor in team performance. In the group dynamics literature in sport, team cohesion and collective efficacy have been the two most frequently used concepts to describe team processes, however, these concepts are not developed based on task-related team processes. In this paper, we proposed a 'Mo-chi in sport' model comprising three components and mental processes of mo-chi, based on team mental model developed in industrial and organizational psychology, hopefully should shed some light on the understanding of group dynamics and the mechanism of the relationship between team processing and performance in sport.