中間型定額保險的契約危險問題－－中間型保險重複投保引出的話題

Problems of Contractual Hazards in Intermediate Fixed-Sum Insurance A Discussion Emanating from Intermediate Double Insurance

定額給付保險無法貫徹損失填補原則，也無法具體適用重複保險、超額保險、保險代位等財產保險的特別規則。然而，對於定額給付保險尤其是第三領域定額保險中的保險危險問題，現有法律規範將風險防範的重點更多地放在了保險標的的客觀危險方面，對於投保方的契約危險也即因保險合同成立而產生的主觀危險，似乎並未明確納入保險危險管理的規範體系之中。本文結合中間型保險的法律界分，意在對保險危險作出客觀危險與主觀危險（即契約危險）明確劃分的基礎上，通過對契約危險基本屬性的揭示，提出防範中間型定額保險契約風險的基本思路。

Fixed-sum insurance is not subject to the principle of indemnity, nor to the rule of subrogation or rules applicable to double insurance and to over-insurance which are particular to property insurance. However, in preventing risks, current rules focus more on objective hazards of the subject matter of insurance, but have barely little attention to an insurance applicant's contractual hazards, i.e. subjective or moral hazards which arise from conclusion of insurance contracts. This article distinguishes objective hazards from subjective (contractual) hazards, presents the fundamental nature of contractual hazards and proposes, as is intended, foundational ideas for precaution against contractual hazards in intermediate fixed-sum insurance.