區域整合下的勞工政策

Labor Policy under Regionalism

歐體（EC）/歐盟（EU）和北美自由貿易協定（NAFTA）是區域整合的兩個顯例。它們在攫取自由貿利益之同時，追求那些勞工政策的整合，又如何防止本國勞工的權益受損，頗值近期極可能加入世界貿易組織（WTO）和積極推動成為亞太營運中心的臺灣，研擬勞工政策之參考。
本研究首先建構一個政府行為的交換模型。其次探討EC/EU和NAFTA的一般規範中，與勞工權益直接相關的條款和約束，包括EC/EU對勞工移動的統一規範和社會憲章的內容，以及NAFTA有關勞工權益的條款；並以政府行為的交換模型論述其決策。繼而就西歐三國和美加因應貿易自由化（區域整合下的產物）而採行的勞動市場調整政策，評析其內容和成效。最後，綜述貿易政策和勞工政策間的關聯性，且建議臺灣應重視勞工權益之補償和強化一般性的勞動市場調整協助政策，俾順利達成貿易更自由化的目標。

The European Community （EC）/ European Union （EU） and the North America Free Trade Agreement （NAFTA） are two prominent examples of regionalism. What kinds of labor policy are integrated and how they protect the worker's rights at home . in pursuing for the benefits of free trade is a worthwhile lesson for Taiwan, which is eagerly to join the World Trade Organization （formerly the GATT） and to develop an Asian PacificOperation Center. This research firstly establish an exchange of goverment behavior. Next it explores the general provisions in forming the ECI EU and the NAFTA that are directly related to worker's benefits, including the policies on worker's mobility across border and the contents of the Social Charter in the ECI EU and the regulations relevant to workers rights in the NAFTA. Then this article evaluates the contents and the effectiveness of adjustment assistance for domestic labor market adopted by Western European countries and Canada and the United States. Finally, the responsiveness of labor policy with respect to trade policy is summarized, and some suggestions for Taiwan are recommended.