從勞工階級動員觀點看母性保護立法－－臺灣與瑞典的比較

Working Class Mobilization and Maternal Protection Legislation: A Comparative Study in Taiwan and Sweden

在我國推動兩性工作平等法制的過程中，母性保護立法的內容一直是倍受爭議的部份。然唯有真正落實完整之母性保護制度，才有可能具體保障勞工人權，亦才有可能使我國朝向平等及人性化的方向邁進。故本文擬就瑞典及臺灣的母性保護立法之發展過程，做一歷史性的比較分析，並選擇勞工階級動員觀點，作為理論基礎，藉以釐清存在國家、資本家及勞工間的動態辯證關係；隨後並嘗試提出造成兩國差異發展的因素；及指出臺灣目前在推動此項立法上，所遇到的爭議、阻力及未來可以努力的方向。選擇瑞典作為比較的對象，主要是因為其少數資本主義國家發展社會福利成功的例子，而就本文所討論的母性保護立法而言，亦不例外。最後，在透過歷史比較的方法後，本文綜合歸納出之結果為，造成兩國母性保護立法差異之主要因素，可說是兩國不同程度的勞工階級動員；其次才是不同程度的婦女力量。因此，為了此項立法的完整訂定，勞工必須不分男女地團結起來，才有可能成為推動改革的原動力。

In the legislating process of the Equal Opportunities Act in Taiwan, the contents of the maternal protection are continually controversial issues. However, only the complete maternal protection legislation is accomplished, can it protect the rights of labors and lead our society to the way of equality and humanity. Thus, this paper examines the historical development of the maternal protection legislation between Sweden and Taiwan. It takes the perspective of the working class mobilization to clarify the dynamic and dialectic relationships among states, capitalists and labors. Next, the paper indicates the determinants of differences in maternal protection legislations between Sweden and Taiwan. Besides, the paper points out the dispute, the resistance and the future direction which we face recently in Taiwan. The reason to choose Sweden as the comparative nation is because that it is one of the most successful example of social welfare system among the developed capitalist nations, and maternal protection legislation is no exception for sure. Based on the historial comparing, this paper concludes that the major determinant of the differences between Sweden and Taiwan is the levels of the working class mobilization; the next determinant is the levels of the women power. Therefore, if we hope the maternal protection legislation can be completed fine, the labors, both men and women, should solidity for being the impetus of this reform.