我國關廠制度之法理基礎探討

A Study of the Jurisprudence of Plant-Closing Regulations in Taiwan

關廠是臺灣近些年來，在資本主義自由經濟體制運作下，一個讓勞、資、政三方及社會各界高度關切的問題。然而，國家與民間社會對此一現象的詮釋，卻有很大的落差存在。
本研究是從關廠行動者的角度出發，以法律社會學的方法，對關廠社會場域中的活化社會關係行動者：勞工、雇主、行政機關及勞工中介團體進行調查訪問，藉以瞭解關廠行動主體對於關廠規範的看法與需求。透過這樣一種從制度規範對象之立場出發的法理思考的過程，尋求適用於臺灣社會的關廠制度之法理基礎。
從本研究蒐集及調查訪問所得的資料顯示，關廠問題的態樣很多、層面亦廣，而關廠的行動主體大多認為現有關廠相關法令不足以支應各類的關廠問題。另外，關廠行動主體各本於不同的立場與經驗，故對於關廠制度表現出不同的規範需求。總之，制度的決策者，應該瞭解並重視這些需求，並進一步將這些規範需求反映在制度中；這即是一種「由下而上」的由民間社會的主體的制度型塑方式。

Plant-closing is a major concern for the three parties: workers, employers, the government, and different walks of life in the society. However, the explanations for this phenomenon proclaimed by the govemment and the society differ with each other widely.
The research was done from the angle of the plant-closing actors. A survey was conducted, using the methods of the sociology of law, to those activating social actors in the social field of plant-closing: the workers, the employers, the government officials and workers' mediate organization. Through the process of juristic thinking from the viewpoint of the subjects of the plant-closing regulations, in order to find the proper jurisprudence of plant-closing institution in Taiwan.
The data obtained from the survey showed that the problems of plantclosing varied form one to one, and most plant-closing actors claimed that current regulations were deficient to handle all kinds of problems. Besides, those plantclosing actors expressed different needs toward the regulation, due to their own experiences and standpoints. In short, the decision-makers in forming the institution should understand and take into consideration of these needs, and further reflect needs in the institution. This is a "bottom-top" mode for forming institution that has taking the civil society as the main body in the whole process.