從文學革命到革命文學－－以中國語言視域為核心的討論

From Literature Revolution to Revolutionary Literature: A Chinses-Language Perspective

從五四「文學革命」到左聯「革命文學」，「語言」的問題被提升到一個至關重要的層次，無論五四或左聯，無不希望透過對語言的界定和分判，尋求並開創文學的新時代。但是，五四與左聯這兩大集團關於中國語言視域的差距，使得透過文言解放尋求「大眾」看似是共同的終極目標，實際上對於「大眾」的範疇以及「大眾語」的界定仍舊存在根本差異。本文發現，在當時的語言視域中，左聯認為五四針對語言改革的根本失敗，形塑左翼文學中特殊的「階級話語」，而這些話語的詮釋，和語言與地方的緊密連結相關，可以作為現今研究現代漢語的發展以及左翼小說話語詮釋的參照與補充。

From 'literature revolution' of the May-Fourth Movement to 'revolutionary literature' of the Left League, 'language' became a very important issue. Both May-Fourth Movement and Left League expected to find or create a new era of literature by way of re-defining and re-distinguishing language. However, the different perspectives of these two literary movements in Chinese language result in their different definition of “public” and “public language” although the two perspectives share the same target of liberating the public. This article points out that, from the perspective of the Left League, the May-Fourth Movement failed in enacting language revolution and formed special “class jargons” in Left-Wing literature. Furthermore, the explication of these jargons is highly related to the relationship between the language and the place where the language is used. The explication of these jargons can be reckoned as the reference point for and supplement to modern study of the development of Chinese language and expressions in Left-Wing literature.