論《徐霞客遊記》之美

On the Aesthetic Value of “the Travels of Xu Xia-ke”

徐霞客是中國明代晚期著名的旅行家、探險家、地理學家及遊記文學家，著有《徐霞客遊記》一書，錢謙益讚譽此書為「古今遊記之最」。《徐霞客遊記》最為人所稱道的有兩方面，其一為地理學的成就，其二為文學藝術的成就，而這兩者的成就又存在著一種相輔相成、相得益彰的關係。本文即擬以《徐霞客遊記》的地理書寫與文學藝術為研究的重點。具體的研究進路如下：一、透過《徐霞客遊記》的題材內容的論述，揭示徐霞客對自然地理與人文地理觀照的角度與書寫的重點。二、透過《徐霞客遊記》藝術特色的論述，發現徐霞客不僅擅於將宏觀與微觀的視野作有機的統整，而且能將文學之美與科學之真完美結合，並將主體形象與客體山水交融無間。三、透過《徐霞客遊記》文學語言的論述，把握徐霞客在樸實自然的基本文風之外，亦能以精湛的構語造句和修辭技巧，為不同風貌的自然風物傳神寫照。

Xu Xia-ke, a famous traveler, explorer, geographer and travel writer in the late Ming Dynasty of China, was the author of 'The Travels of Xu Xia-ke', which was praised by Qian Qian-yi as 'the best travel writing of all times.' There are two most praiseworthy aspects about 'The Travels of Xu Xia-ke': one is the achievements of geography and the other is the literary and artistic achievement. In the success of both there exists a complementary and mutually reinforcing relationship. This article is intended to focus on research of geographic writing and literary aesthetics of 'The Travels of Xu Xia-ke'. The specific research approach is as follows: 1) Through the exploration into the subject and content of 'The Travels of Xu Xia-ke', I expected to reveal Xu Xia-ke’s contemplation perspectives and foci of writing as to the natural and human geography. 2) Through the exploration into the artistic features of 'The Travels of Xu Xia-ke', I found Xu Xia-ke was not only good at organic integration for of the macro and micro visions, but also was able to perfectly combine literary beauty and the truth of science. Moreover, he could closely blend the subjective image and objective landscape. 3) Through the exploration into the literary diction of 'The Travels Xu Xia-ke', I intended to grasp Xu’s simple and natural literary style, but in his simple language Xu Xia-ke could vividly portrayed the different features of natural scenery by means of superb language structure as well as sentence-making and rhetorical skills.