WTO Constitutionalism with Diminishing State Sovereignty－－Issues Raised from China's Anxiety over the Emerging the WTO Constitutionalization

世貿憲政主義弱化國家主權－－中國面對世貿憲政化發展的不安

全球化的發展顯示，國際制度需有更大的權威與更明確的規則。國家的主權地位與統治能力，因而相對面臨更多的制約與限制。但中國學者自批判與質疑視角檢視全球貿易治理的憲政主義化，認為WTO會員主權於WTO憲政論下的定位問題，才是應被關切的核心議題。為此，本文試圖透過David Held歸納出的三種全球論觀點，極端全球主義論、質疑全球主義論以及變革全球主義論，檢視WTO憲政化論述下可能呈現之治理雛型，並藉以檢驗世貿會員與世貿組織本身，在三種WTO憲政論之下的定位關係。一般咸認貿易人權目的論已在世貿規約憲政主義化的論戰中，取得國際法學會的正式背書，此種學術發展優位，隱含世貿會員將逐漸淪為WTO治理的中介單位或過渡形式，最終將被WTO這個全球治理機制所取代。但此種觀點勢難以為中國政府與中國學者所青睞。

The development of globalization has shown that the international system needs greater power and more definitive rules. National sovereignty positions and governance ability in turn face more regulations and limitations. However, China takes a critical attitude towards the constitutionalization of global trade governance. For China, the primary significance of discussing WTO constitutionalization lies in evaluating the orientation of a member’s legal sovereignty. This study attempts to use David Held’s three globalization discourses of hyperglobalists, skeptics, and transformationalists to observe the basic prototypes of the WTO constitutional thesis. In a broad perspective one may roughly conclude that the constitutional perspective of human rights teleology gravitating toward the perspective of hyperglobalists has obtained the official endorsement of the International Law Association. It conceals the reality that WTO members would possibly be relegated to simple intermediate institutions sandwiched between increasingly powerful WTO mechanisms of governance. However, given the high degree of suspicion toward Western powers for their intention to harm the developmental and survival rights of China, the weak discourse of WTO constitutionalism regarding state autonomy will not be easily agreed upon by the Chinese government and Chinese scholars.