《文心雕龍》「辭令」析探

A Decipherment on Theme of “Phraseology Dictate”in 《Wun Hsin Diau Long》

劉勰於《文心雕龍‧神思》提出「思理為妙，神與物遊。…物沿耳目，而辭令管其（神與物遊之）樞機」。坊間諸《文心雕龍》讀本率皆解「辭令」為語言或文辭，似難通。筆者訪查相關載籍，大底指出語辭推出之前，應有內部設說，內部設說之前應有心理圖式，心理圖式之前身則為意象，而意象、圖式、設說之凝成，須由一內部機轉佐引心靈共同完成。此一機轉是否即劉勰所謂的辭令？劉勰雖未對「辭令」下過定義，但從〈神思〉另段所提之「積學以儲寶，酌理以富才，研閱以窮照，馴致以懌辭」四句，可知「辭令」是主體之學養中能佐心靈遂行審美之珍寶，它由積學（即閱歷所凝之學問及器識）、酌理（酌鎔哲觀以立思理）、才（才華，兼先天才情與後天才學二義）所共同鎔鑄而有。「辭令」的功能是： 1. 佐領心靈深入鑒賞對象之美，並把美感凝釀為意象。 2. 繹轉意象，使成一種心理圖式。 3. 依心理圖式導出一種對自設說之雛型。 4. 按設說雛型尋覓貼切的語彙及詞藻。陸機曾慨歎「未識夫（文思）開、塞之所由」，劉勰主張由「辭令」佐領心靈遂行鑒賞、凝象、詮式、設說、鍊詞之審美環節，足可保障文藝創作之推展永不困頓、匱乏，憑以解決陸機的無奈之歎。

Liu Hsieh pointed out in his work Wun Hsin Diau Long, “The excellence of mental thinking lies in ‘objects roam with mind’.” …Objects expressed in front of physical organs, therefore, `Phraseology Dictate' controls the key of minds’ appreciating objects.”. Many reader books explained “Phraseology Dictate” as language or diction, and thus confused the readers. I have consulted some classical books on this issue, noticing that before language or diction was formed, three categories of the speech, Imagination, Scheme and Rede, should be transacted by an inner system of guidance first--I wondered if the inner system of guidance equal “Phraseology Dictate?” Although Liu Hsieh didn’t define “Phraseology Dictate” but in “Wun Hsin”. Thinking of Vacant Mind,” he mentioned, “Display the erudition you have accumulated, then pick up useful treasure in it.” “Abosrb philosophical views to increase the capability of rationality and talent.” “Appreciate objects deeply to find the life-strength and spirit-rhyme.” “Forment imagination gradually in order to deduce the Scheme, Rede, and Phrase.” Through this, we can realize that “Phraseology Dictate” is combined by the essence of erudition, philosophical view, magnanimity and talent. “Phraseology Dictate” means to assist Vacant Mind to appreciate objects deeply, to forment imagination, to deduce Scheme and Rede, and to request good phrase. Lu Chi had sighed once that he couldn’t recognize the cause of opening or blocking thinking. However, what has been concluded about Lui Hsieh’s “Phraseology Dictate” might cheer up Lu Chi and resolve his problem.