鄉村工業化的長期影響：一個福建沿海村庄的例子

The Long-Term Effects of Rural Industrialization: The Case of a Coastal Village in Fujian

本文從福建南部一個農村的工業化過程，來探討其長遠的社會影響。實際田野調查的時間是1984年及1996年。林村的工業化可見諸於四種不同類型的工企業：個體企業、聯合體、村辦企業及外資企業。新興的企業吸引了大批來自四川、貴州、江西的移民。財富的增加，不但在村民中隱約出現階級分化的傾向，同時在村民與外來移民中形成一道社會鴻溝。除了社會分化之外，其他長遠的社會影響包括環境污染，以及外來移民將生產技術、資本由沿海省分轉向內陸地區的過程。

This paper examines the process of rural industrialization in LinVillage in southern Fujian between 1984 and 1996. The establishment of varioustypes of new industries in this village during this past decade has attractedlarge number of immigrants from poor, interior provinces of China, and furtherturns it from a sleepy agricultural community into a bustling market town. Theincreases of wealth differentials have not only contributed to the formation ofincipient class stratification among the villagers, they have also formed socialcleavages between indigenous villagers and immigrants. Other long-term impactsof this industrialization process include problems of air and water pollution,the development of new industrial type, and the spread of light industries tointerior provinces through returning migrants.