婦女就業與家庭角色、權力結構之關係

WOMEN'S LABOR-FORCE PARTICIPATION AND FAMILY POWER STRUCTURE IN TAIWAN

本研究主旨是探討當前臺灣婦女參與勞動力對於家庭內角色及權力結構之影響。從全省341個家庭之抽樣調查結果顯示，在多數的家庭中丈夫作主要的家庭決策，家務育兒之角色則普遍由妻子承擔。進一步的分析指出在控制了婦女之背景因素，包括個人年齡、教育程度、居住地區之都市化程度、家庭社會經濟地位、家庭型態之下，婦女參與勞動力與否及其特徵對於家庭角色及權力結構並無顯著影響。此外在仰之、竹林、凌泉三個鄉村社區內58個個案家庭之參與觀察及深入訪談之研究結果亦發現在婦女參與勞動力及家庭調適的過程中，婦女在家庭內之角色及決策地位並不伴隨著其參與勞動力而改變。作者解釋婦女參與勞動力因素對其家庭角色、地位無顯著影響可能因傳統父系社會之角色規範比婦女就業因素更有效的支配家庭內之角色及權力結構。

The present study attempts to assess the effect of women's labor-force participation on family role structure and power structure in Taiwan. In this study, the result of an islandwide survey of 341 families indicates that husbands are the primary decision makers in most Taiwanese families. In familial task performance on the other hand, it is wife predominant. Multiple Classification Analysis demonstrates that women's familial power and role playing are not affected significantly by their labor-force participation after adjusting for the background factors of women's age, educational attainment, region of residence, family type and family's socio-economic status. The participant observation and indepth interview of 58 cases in three rural communities also suggests that women's participation in labor-force has not been accompanied by a significant change of their family status and role playing during the process of family's adjustment to women's employment. It seems that sex role segregation of traditional patriarchal society has a strong effect and accounts for much more of the variance in family power structure and role playing than does women's employment.