英文摘要 |
In terms of the degree of socio-cultural integration, Paiwan as a traditional society has not yet achieved a prototypic centralized state. Nevertheless, the degree of cultural consistency among the Paiwan villages is very high. The earliest socio-cultural contact of Paiwanesem with alien world might trace back to the Dutch occupation period, about thres hundred years ago. Owing to ths environmental variaton of each village, the degree of socio-cultural contact of Paiwanese with alien world as a consequence was various. The purpose of this paper is to apply the ethnographic data which the author can obtain at the present tims to drawing a picture of ths traditional Paiwanese family structure and its change during Paiwanese's socio-cultural contact with alien world. There are two factors influencing the structure of the traditional Paiwanese family: utrolocal residence and first-child succession/inheritance. Under the operation of these two factors, the pattern of family development in traditional Paiwanese society is the stem family. Thus, whenever a new (nuclear) family is founded, it will develop to be a stem one. Though there ars some other types of family such as pseudo-extended family, lineal family and second-marriage family co-existing with stem family in traditional Paiwaness society,it is merely a provisional or transitional phenomenon. Furthermore, as soon as antecedent situation for ths aforementioned three types of family disappears, Paiwanese family will develop toward the stem family. Following the socio-cultural contact of Paiwanese with alien world, the stem family is no longer the cardinal idea of the Paiwanese family development. That means, the sphere of family member of Paiwanese is no longer limited in the scope of the secondary kin. Rather, it includes the spouese and children of other children/siblings, and children of own spouse (children of spouss and her/his ex-spouse). In other words, there is a tendency of increasing percentage of the family types in terms of lineal, extended and second-marriage, and at ths same time these types of family become stable. As a result, the system of first-child succession of the Paiwan will be challenged thereby. If this new tendency will develop continuously in the future, I think, the kinship system of Paiwanese will transform from cognatic to unilineal. |