漁業政策與地區性漁業發展：興達鄉的田野調查分析

FISHERIES POLICY AND LOCAL FISHING INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AN ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF HSING TA HSIANG

本文係以興達鄉的漁業發展為例，以檢討政府漁業政策對地區性漁業發展的影響，以及漁民對漁業政策的反應。作者係採人類學餐與觀察和深度訪問法為主，並輔以問卷調查，共抽出150位漁民為樣本，以搜集田野資料。
本文內容分為：（一）前言，（二）興達鄉的社會背景，（三）政府漁業政策，（四）興達鄉的漁業發展，（五）漁民對漁業政策的反應，（六）結語。研究的結果，我們發現興達鄉的漁業發展過程是受漁業政策的刺激與引導，也就是受到外界或上層的刺激所致。然而，這個例子也不完全支持所謂開發中國家發展係由上而下的被動性變遷之理論。換言之，興達鄉的漁業發展並不完全是受政府漁業政策之刺激，部分係源自下層的自主性發展。此外，近年來在國際能源危機的威脅下，倘要推動興達鄉漁業的繼續發展，我們有以下三點建議：第一，嚴格執行拖網漁船的限建，以保護近海漁業資源及保障大多數漁民的利益；第二，加強近海漁業資源的探勘研究，以增闢新漁場；第三，發展當地傳統的魚塭及牡蠣養殖，尤其是新式的外海牡蠣養殖。

The article uses the development of the finishing industry in Hsing Ta Hsiang as an example to evaluate the government's fisheries policies influence on local fishing industry development, and participant observation, in-depth interviewing, and questionnaire from 150 fishermen.
The content of this paper can be divide into:1) introduction, 2) Hsing Ta Hsiang's social background, 3) the government's fishermen's policies, 4) development of the fishing industry in Hsing Ta Hsiang, 5) fishermen's reaction to government is closely connected with government policies. However, it does not completely support the hypothesis that social change in developing countries move in a passive way from the top down. Development of fishing in Hsing Ta Hsiang is not entirely by development stimulus, part of it originates at and is controlled by lower-level people themselves.
This paper also presents three recommendations for continuing development st Hsing Ta Hsiang in the face of worldwide energy uncertainty:1) strict controls on trawlers,2) more exploration of coastal fishing resources, in order to open up more fishing grounds;3) development of the traditional fish and oyster farming, especially new-style coastal oyster farming.