泰雅族東賽德克群的部落組織

TRIBAL ORGANIZATION OF THE EAST SEDEK ATAYAL

人類學家對泰雅族的研究甚多，但對泰雅族四個群之一的東賽德克群卻較少重視，因此有關東賽德克的研究報告及文獻資料極缺乏，故無法全盤了解泰雅族整個的社會文化現象。本文的主題係東賽德克泰雅人部落組織民族誌材料的報告，同時藉此以澄清若干前輩學者由於疏忽東賽德克部份的資料，在論及整個泰雅族時所產生的誤解。東賽德克人因為居住區域的地理條件限制，其部落的規模是泰雅族各群中最小的，其部落組織單純鬆懈，是以親緣、血緣的關係為基礎，超自然力的制裁為其規範的簡單群體。部落單位的範圍與祭祀團體，共罪責團體，獵團，共食團體的範圍互相一致，不像泰雅亞族的二群，這些社會群體常與部落單位有相當的出入，簡言之東賽德克泰雅人的群體認同單位，是以部落為中心的。

Though ethnographies about Atayal are abundant, most of them are concentrated on three Atayal groups—Seqoleq, Tseole and West Sedek. The East Sedek group has been almost ignored. Up to now, it is difficult to find much available data about this group. While some students have provided a few elaborations about Atayal culture as a whole, it is still precarious to infer the specific socio-cultural institutions of East Sedek Atayal from the total setting or from other three Atayal groups. By inspecting field and documentary data carefully, the author finds two major unique characteristics about the traditional tribal organization of East Sedek Atayal. First, the average size of population of East Sedek Atayal tribes was about 74.8 persons per tribe, contrasting with 116.7 for all the Atayal tribes. Second, their houses were always distributed scatteringly. Most tribes had been formed by two or more separate settlements. Because of sparse population and scattered settlements, the organization of East Sedek Atayal tribes has been less complicated and loosely organized than other Atayal groups. The 'ritual group' (in Seqoleq: gudux gaga; in Sedek: gingal gaya) that had played a major role in other three Atayal tribal organization, especially in Seqoleq group, in fact, was not important in East Sedek group. In East Sedek tribes, the functions of ritual group was incorporated with the tribal organization.