綠島漢人的喪葬儀式

FUNERAL RITES OF LUTAU ISLAND, TAIWAN

臺灣漢人的喪葬儀式有許多地方性的差異存在，但因大體上都是依循三禮、朱子家禮、家禮大成等禮書，故雖有小異實為大同。以綠島漢人的喪儀與臺灣本島其他各地所行的儀式加以比較，可以發現綠島的這一套儀式，顯較突出，具有四個特色：（1）保守的（2）簡化的（3）失真的（4）調整的。從進一步的探究中，筆者認為是由於綠島移民的歷史背景，地理環境、地理位置的條件，以及島上移民的素質等因素，造成綠島漢人葬儀的這些特色。與臺灣沿海的澎湖群島及龜山島的狀況加以比較，更可肯定筆者的此種推論。

Although the residents of Lutau Island, as most inhabitants in Tawan, are Hokkien-speaking Chinese, the funeral rites practiced there are quite different from those found in other regions of Taiwan. Four principal charateristics can be summarized from the funeral rites: (1) conservation, (2) simplification, (3) unexactness, and (4) flexibility in ritual contexts. The author suggests that three influential factors can bd accounted for the uniqueness of Lutau's funeral rites: (1)Lutau was a culturally isolated community from the beginning of immigration, (2) special ecological factors, and (3) the immigrants of Lutau were all illiterate peasants.