平埔族之漢化－－臺灣埔里平原之研究

THE SINICIZATION OF THE PLAINS ABORIGINES A STUDY IN THE P'ULI PLAIN OF TAIWAN

在本文中筆者假定兩種客觀狀況預定了埔里平埔族漢化的發生，一是生產和技術，另一是社會環境。為了便於分析，筆者將漢化過程和現象分為文化傳承和社會傳承兩個層面。社會傳承可以視為文化傳承的反映。在‘文化傳承’一節中，筆者將所有在埔里居住過的各民族（原住民、平埔族和漢族）按時間先後敘述他們的文化傳統。對平埔族和漢族如何來到埔里以及各族間的衝突甚至殺戮也加以敘述和解釋。然後將漢化現象分語言、宗教和教育三方面來敘述。在‘社會傳承’一節中，敘述漢人移民多為單身男子和小家庭，他們正好可藉著平埔族服役婚的習俗與當地平埔族社會發生婚姻關係和親屬關係，因而導致平埔族的漢化。平埔族土地逐漸轉入漢族手中造成漢族的經濟優勢，加速了平埔族的漢化。在臺灣埔里平原，漢族挾其文化優勢，隨著人口的增加，經濟勢力的擴大，逐漸反客為主，終於同化了平埔族。

In this paper I assume two kinds of general conditions destined for the happening of the sinicization of the Plains Aborigines in the P'uli Plain of Central Taiwan. One is the condition of production and technology and the other is the condition of external influences. For the convenience of analysis, I divide the processes and phenomena of the sinicization into two levels, the cultural heritage and the social heritage. The social heritage closely corresponds to the cultural heritage.In the section of the cultral heritage, the cultural tradition of the ethnic groups who ever lived in P'uli (the indigenous inhabitants, the Plains Aborigines and the Chinese) are described in time sequence. The ways the Plains Aborigines and the Chinese immigrated P'uli and the inter-ethnic conflicts and even killings are also interpreted. Then the phenomena of the sinicization are described in three aspects, i. e. language, religion and education. In the section of the social heritage, the composition of the Chinese immigrants is described. These early Chinese ensconced in P'uli society and later sinicized the Plains Aborigines by taking advantage of the service-marriage custom of the Plains Aborigines. The shift of land ownership from the Plains Aborigines to the Chinese resulted in Chinese economic dominance and in turn accelerated the sinicization of the Plains Aborigines.In P'uli the Chinese, who had a dominant culture, had assimilated the Plains Aborigines while their population gradually increased and they gradually played a dominant role in local economic activities.