社會變遷中的權力人物：社區領導人與權力結構比較分析

POWER ELITES IN THE CHANGING SOCIETY A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOUR COMMUNITIES IN TAIWAN

本文目的是將四個社區的權力人物加以比較分析。所用的方法主要是觀察和訪問，間或也用點問卷資料，作為補充說明。四個社區分別為：都市，郊區，鄉村，工業化鄉村。這是代表社區的四個類型。結果發現：這些權力人物在所有社區中都扮演重要角色；權力結構似乎可以分為二個類型，一是集權型，在都市區及郊區發展，衝突較多，包含金字塔式和黨派式權力結構；二是分權型，在鄉村及工業化鄉村發展，較為整合，包含聯盟式和散漫式權力結構。

The Republic of China and other developing societies, when confronted with the impact of the technological and ideological aspects of modern western cultures, have been led to adjust enviornment. Hypothetically, the people in different localities might respond to this challenge in different ways. Four communities along the Tahan River basin in northern Taiwan have been selected as test samples. How the power elites influence a given society and the relationship between background and the accession to power are analyzed. Four types of significant roles are studied:(1) the role of economy in the commercial community, (2) the role of kinship in the industrializing community, (3) the role of politics in the agricultural community, and (4) the role of religion in the fishing and agricultural community. Findings demonstrate the real change in power elites from a traditional to a modern society, the processes of change manipulated by the elites who have played the innovative roles in the changing society, and the types of power structure.