同胞稱謂－－系譜空間的分割理論

SIBLING TERMINOLOGY PARTITION OF GENEALOGICAL SPACES

同胞空間由8種親屬元素或類型所構成，其空間分割依照數學理論應有4,140種。分割同胞空間的成因或辨異特徵，有相對年齡、被稱謂人的性別、稱謂人的性別及相對性別4種，由此可產生的類型有236種。人類社會所採用的同胞稱謂類型為其中的極少部分。Nerlove&Romney的假設定為同胞稱謂類型只有12種及極少數的派生類型。Kronenfld修正前者的假設，預測18種可能出現的派生類型。Murdock曾分析種556種個案，得22大類43種類型。Kronenfeld預測的派生型中只有7種適用，其餘落空。本文重新探討同胞空間的數理結構，分析異空同名現象，建構已知40多種同胞稱謂類型的格子圖，提出新的同胞稱謂類型分類體系。

Sibling space is defined as a set of eight kin types, namely 3(mBe), 3(mBy), 2(mZe), 2(mZy), l(fBe), l(fBy), O(fZe) and C(fZy). Four distinctive features—relative age, alter's sex, speaker's sex and relative sex一are applied as partition components to produce 236 possible types of sibling terminology. In view of the limited number of empirically occurring types, Nerlove and Romney make assumptions about conjunctivity and markedness to restrict the allowable types to 12 major ones and some derivative types. Kronenfeld's revised assumptions determine the number of derivative types as being 18, but his prediction is poorly verified by the data collocted by Murdock and others. This paper examines the composition of subspaces, partition principles, conflation of kin types, the formation of the lattice of known types and, on the basis of new criteria, suggests a revised classification of sibling terminology.