萬華地區的群體與權力結構－－萬華地區社會變遷研究之2

GROUPS AND POWER STRUCTURE IN AN URBAN COMMUNITY A Study of Social Change in Wanhua

本文是先從社區中找出群體，再找出群體中的決策者，再分別群體及決策者的重要性，最後就可以瞭解社區權力分配的情形。我們發現，在變遷的過程中，早期的社區權力結構是聯盟型或問題決策型的；晚期，在開始時有專權型的傾向，後來又演變為黨派型。這些社區決策人或領導人在群體內所享有的權力比在社區還要大些，群體的組織多是民主式的，群體的權力結構卻多是專權式的。群體領導人與社區領導人有很明顯的重疊現象，有的是透過群體而為社區領導人，有的卻是因社會經濟地位而為群體及社區領導人。

This paper presents an analysis of the power structure of an urban community. It consists of four main parts:basitc concepts and methods, and group types;group structure and its change;leaderships and power structure;and discussion and conelusion. The results indicate that changes occurred in power structure over a long period of time, while the leadership of the groups and the community transformed in the changing society. The power structure has shown three patterns since the community being established as an urban center:at the first Stage, it was the coalitional pattern in the Ch'ing dynasty; at the second stage, it was changed Into the pyramidal pattern in the periods of the latter part of the Japanese colony and the early part of the Republic of China; and at the third stage, it has been shifted to the factional pattern in recent time and it might be growing up as two big powers in the community for the near future.