從國家創新系統探討大學技術移轉之發展－－美國、日本與臺灣技轉中心之比較

The Impact of National Innovation System on the Development of University Technology Transfer-Comparison among U.S.A, Japan and Taiwan

知識的創造及有效運用是知識經濟的主要來源，大學充沛的研發能量促使各界重視如何轉化成產業甚至是國家的競爭力。本研究目的是要了解政府對高等教育研究成果擴散的措施以及技轉中心的實務運作成效。本研究採質性方法，以大學研究成果移轉所獲得的收入為績效指標，探討政府的各項法令制度、輔導或獎勵措施對於大學成果擴散效益的影響，並從大學技轉中心的個案觀察與分析，了解與比較彼此間的差異。本研究發現我國技轉工作仍處於萌芽階段，許多制度與措施尚待改進，如規模太小，組織的位階低，技轉人員受到薪資差異與聘用限制等。未來可參照美、日的專家派遣制度、區域性技轉中心的運作方式，以及技轉人員培訓制度，以提升我國技轉效益。

As the knowledge-based economy becomes more important than ever, industry has been eyeing universities for their research capability as well as research capacity, which are regarded as the backbone of a nation’s economic development, and seeking well-managed commercialization systems for strong global competitiveness.The purpose of this study is to examine government policies to extend research capacity of higher education institutions and to review the performance of technology transfer within operations under the policy influence. An index system based on technology transfer incomes was built to assess the performance among universities discussed in this study. Furthermore, comparisons were made through technology transfer case studies.The results of this study indicated a budding stage for current development in technology transfer. Constraints on development can be attributed to insufficient manpower, low execution levels, limited wages and promotion opportunities. Dynamic substituting of executive specialists, establishing regional technology transfer centers, and in-service training for technology transfer employees are suggested to promote the effectiveness of technology transfer.