機構品質可以影響住民士氣嗎？以高雄市安養護機構為例

Can Organizational Quality Influence on Residential Morale? Evidence from Nursing Facilities in Kaohsiung

台灣老年人口快速成長已是不可忽視的現象，由於快速的老化，也影響慢性病患的人口，進而促進長期照護的需求。居住安養護機構的住民是否得到適當的照護更是不可忽略的課題。本研究的目的在於探討安養護機構的品質是否會影響到住民的士氣？本研究以調查訪問的方式訪問高雄市223位安養護機構的住民。訪談內容以Lawton （1975）發展的老人士氣量表及Moos & Lemke （1996）發展的MEAP量表為主，以及個人相關的基本資料為輔。分析以描述統計及逐步迴歸分析哪些因素會影響住民的士氣。本研究發現僅有某些機構的品質會影響住民的士氣，這些是機構和諧性、住民自主性、工作人員資源、及舒適性。而住民也會因為居住時間較長顯得士氣較高。日常生活活動的功能狀況會影響到住民的士氣，但僅在分項的「對老化態度」及「對寂寞的不滿意」二類士氣時有統計上的意義。本研究結果有助益於長期照護機構照護住民時應多加強各方面的品質改善，俾利於老人於長照機構的士氣。

The growing elderly population in Taiwan has influence on the population of chronic diseases, thus, facilitating the demand of long-term care. Residents who reside in long-term care facilities need special attention on their quality of care. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the organizational quality will influence on the residential morale. We use questionnaire to survey 223 residents who reside in nursing facilities. The questionnaire includes three parts, Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale by Lawton, Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure (MEAP) by Moos and Lemeke, and personal characteristics. We use descriptive analysis and stepwise regressions to attain the research purposes. The results indicate that the organizational quality of care is associated with residential morale (rapport, self-control, human resources, and security), but not every quality indicators from MEAP. Length of stay can predict residential morale as well as activities of daily living (ADLs) are associated with morale in the dimensions of attitude toward own aging and lonely dissatisfaction. Increasing in quality of care for residential will improve the residential morale.